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[ Docker ] Nginx 헤더 취약점 방지

loopinger 2024. 5. 10. 12:30

Nginx 화면에서 쿠키 사이즈가 클 경우 발생하는 에러 화면에서는 nginx 버전 정보등이 표시된다.
nginx 버전 등을 이용한 취약점 공격이 가능하므로 서버 정보가 표시되지 않도록 해야한다.
최근 웹사이트들의 쿠키 이용률이 급증하였기 때문에 웹사이트에 맞는 적절한 쿠키 헤더 사이즈를 설정 하고
해당 오류 발생 시의 안내를 하여 주는 것이 중요하다.

많은 쿠키로 인한 에러 페이지

1. Nginx 환경 구축

# nginx 1.14.0 버전 다운로드
docker pull nginx:1.14.0

# nginx 실행
docker run --name nginx -d -p 8085:80 nginx:1.14.0

 

2. BurpSuit 또는 크롬 개발자 모드를 사용하여 쿠키 전송

※
Nginx의 기본 최대 허용 헤더 사이즈는 8kb이다.
해당 사이즈를 초과하였을 경우 에러가 발생하므로 버프슈트를 통해 재현이 가능하다.
크롬의 개발자 모드를 사용하여 쿠키 추가도 가능하다.

[ localhost:8085 ] 접속


가. 크롬 개발자 모드를 통한 쿠키 추가

[ 개발자 모드 ] 실행 ⇨ [ Application ] ⇨ [ Cookies ] ⇨ 쿠키 확인 URL 클릭 ⇨ 쿠키 필드 확인
쿠키 사이즈를 8KB 이상 추가(1024 equal 1kb)

 

나. 버프슈트를 통한 쿠키 추가

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[ \n ] 아이콘 활성화 ⇨ 쿠키 추가 ⇨ [ 8192 ] byte 확인


헤더가 8192byte일 경우 즉 8kb까지의 쿠키 헤더 사이즈를 가질 경우에는 정상적으로 페이지가 표시된다.

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[ \n ] 아이콘 활성화 ⇨ 쿠키 추가 ⇨ [ 8192 ] byte 확인

 

헤더가 8192byte를 초과할 경우 즉 8kb를 초과한 쿠키 헤더 사이즈를 가질 경우에는 서버 정보를 포함하는 에러 페이지가 표시된다.

3. Nginx 에러 페이지 변경

# 에러 페이지 변경

docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash

echo "Please clear your cookies and try again" > /usr/share/nginx/html/error_cookie.html

cat <<'NGNIX_DTL_SETTING' > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    error_page 494 = /error_cookie.html;

    location = /error_cookie.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}
NGNIX_DTL_SETTING

# 설정 검사
nginx -t

# Nginx 재시작
nginx -s reload

에러 페이지 변경 후 초과된 쿠키 요청 시 에러 페이지 표시

 

4. Nginx 쿠키 사이즈 변경

# 기본 쿠키 사이즈를
# large_client_header_buffers 를 추가하여
# 16 * 4 즉 64kb로 변경한다
# 추가가 안되 있을 경우 기본 8kb이다

cat <<'NGNIX_SETTING' > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 16k; 

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
NGNIX_SETTING

# 설정 검사
nginx -t

# Nginx 재시작
nginx -s reload

쿠키 사이즈가 8kb를 초과해도 정상적으로 페이지가 표시되는 것을 확인

저작자표시

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